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Research:

Do Coalitions Work?

There is a scarcity of published outcome studies on the effectiveness of the coalition approach to prevention.  While there are some well-done studies, it is important to note that coalitions are inherently difficult to study.

• Coalitions are not always well-defined, making replication difficult.
• Many potential variables are difficult to control for and can have their own impacts.
• “Control” or “comparison” groups need to be identical to the studied group; this is nearly impossible.
• Many communities lack baseline data.
• Many coalitions identify broad, long-term outcomes.
• Political and funding factors can vary over the years and distort coalition functioning, wreaking havoc for evaluators.
• Traditional scientific processes can fall short of addressing the complexity of coalitions. From: Community Coalitions: Questions, Controversy & Context by Ben Birkby (2003). Prevention Evaluation Perspectives, vol. 1, Issue 1, Fall 2003.  Kentucky Division of Substance Abuse and R.E.A.C.H. of Louisville.

The research we do have is mixed, though there are some studies showing positive and dramatic outcomes. We must also remember that coalitions are “young.”  They have only been around for approximately twenty years.  During these twenty years, we have learned enough to note some things to keep in mind about coalitions:

• There is much yet to learn.
• Coalitions are best seen as a means to an end.  Their greatest contribution to prevention lies in the infrastructure and planning processes they promote, but ultimately they are a way to achieve environmental change.
• Community readiness can vastly affect the successful implementation of a coalition.

The links below connect to research that can be relevant to community coalition work. If you know of additional links or specific research studies to include in this listing, please e-mail Drug-Free Action Alliance.

The Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE) is dedicated to improving health, safety, and well-being through the application of science for the public good. The PIRE website includes an array of research that may be of assistance to coalitions.

CADCA also provides an online e-mail service, Research Into Action, for coalitions wishing to receive information on research. Past issues are available at the web site, as well.

Join Together features a range of articles and resources, including access to research articles and information.

Documents relevant to coalitions and research:

• The Marin Institute, Solutions to Community Alcohol Problems: A Roadmap for Environmental Prevention
• Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA), Handbook for Community Anti-Drug Coalitions
• Central CAPT, Environmental Strategies 101
• Northeast CAPT, Changing the Larger Environment: Critical Components
• Birkby, Ben (2003). Community Coalitions: Questions, Controversy & Context. Prevention Evaluation Perspectives, vol. 1, Issue 1, Fall 2003. Kentucky Division of Substance Abuse and R.E.A.C.H. of Louisville.